Varnishing Facades, Erasing Memory: Reading Urban Beautification with Critical Whiteness Studies

Laura Raccanelli

Abstract


The paper addresses the contemporary features of aesthetic capitalism (Böhme, 2001; 2017) in the city, connecting beauty studies with established analyses of ‘territorial stigmatization’ (Wacquant, 2007) in the framework of critical whiteness studies. My argument is that beautification practices in marginal public spaces can be regarded as an attitude of aesthetic neocolonialism. The text investigates the role that art plays in establishing spaces of difference, focusing on the analysis of the idea of beauty exhibited and used in processes of urban transformation. This beautifying operation could mask the intent of domesticating the ‘urban exotic’, representing the aesthetics of the ‘urban other’, overlapping processes of hypervisibilization and invisibilization within the production of normative white visual domains. The resulting transformation is viewed as a new field of value extraction from the urban space while at the same time being a new arena for privilege and inequality production.  


Keywords


Urban Beautification; Aesthetic Capitalism; Territorial Stigmatization; Critical Whiteness Studies; Street Art; Camouflage

Full Text:

PDF (English)

References


Arbaci, S. and Malheiros, J. (2010) ‘De-Segregation, Peripheralisation and the Social Exclusion of Immigrants: Southern European Cities in the 1990s’, Journal of Ethnic and Migrations Studies, 36(2), pp. 227–255.

Benjamin, W. (1921) ‘Capitalism as Religion’, in Bullock, M. and Jennings, M.W. (ed.) (1996) Selected Writing. Volume 1, 1913-1926. Harvard University Press, pp. 288–291.

Benjamin, W. (2012) The Work of Art in the Age of its Mechanical Reproducibility. New York: Prism Key Press.

Bianchetti, C. (2011) ‘Teatralità minori’, in Bianchetti, C. (ed.) Il Novecento è davvero finito. Considerazioni sull’urbanistica. Roma: Donzelli editore, pp. 81–103.

Böhme, G. (2001) Aisthetik. Vorlesungen uber Asthetik als allegemeine Wahrnehmungslehre. Munchen: Wilhelm Fink Verlag.

Böhme, G. (2017) Critique of Aesthetic Capitalism. Milano: Mimesis International.

Boltanski, L. and Esquerre, A. (2018) Enrichissement. Une critique de la merchandise. Paris: Gallimard.

Bourdieu, P. (1979) La distinction. Critique sociale du jugement. Paris: Minuit.

Braudel, F. (1982) Civiltà e imperi del Mediterraneo nell’età di Filippo II. Torino: Einaudi.

Brighenti, A. M. (2007) ‘Visibility. A Category for the Social Sciences’, Current Sociology, 55(3), pp. 323–342.

Brighenti, A. M. (2008) ‘Visual, Visible, Ethnographic’, Etnografia e ricerca qualitativa, 1, pp. 91–113.

Brighenti, A. M. (2017), ‘The Visible: Element of the Social’, Frontiers in Sociology, 2(17), pp. 1–17.

Bukowski, W. (2019) La buona educazione degli oppressi. Piccola storia del decoro. Roma: Edizioni Alegre.

Cousin, B. (2016) ‘Les habitants des quartiers refondés face à l’injustice spatiale. Refuser, ménager et détourner la critique’, Communications, 98, pp. 81–94.

Cousin, B. (2013) ‘Ségrégation résidentielle et quartiers refondés. Usages de la comparaison entre Paris et Milan’, Sociologie du travail, 55(2), pp. 214–236.

Dal Lago, A. and Giordano, S. (2016) Graffiti. Arte e ordine pubblico. Bologna: Il Mulino.

De Giorgi A. (2015) ‘Dalla Tolleranza Zero al Decoro’, DinamoPress, Available at: www.dinamopress.it/news/dalla-tolleranza-zero-al-decoro/ (Accesed: 15 June 2023)

Douglas, M. (1966) Purity and danger. An analisys of concepts of pollution and taboo. London: Routledge.

Elias, N. and Scotson, J. L. (1965) The Established and the Outsiders. London: Sage.

Fallon, K. F. (2020) Reproducing race in the gentrifying city: A critical analysis of race in gentrification scholarship, Journal of Race, Ethnicity and the City, 1, pp. 1–28.

Fanon, F. (1961) Les damnés de la terre. Paris: Francois Maspéro éditeur.

Florida, R. (2002) The rise of the creative class. New York: Basic books.

Ghertner D. A. (2010) ‘Calculating without numbers: aesthetic governmentality in Delhi’s slums’, Economy and Society, 39, pp. 185–217.

Giuliani, G. (ed.) (2015) Il colore della nazione. Firenze: Le Monnier.

Giuliani, G. (2014) ‘L’Italiano Negro’, Interventions, 16(4), pp. 572–587.

Giuliani et al. (2018) ‘Tavola Rotonda. Visualizzare la Razza e Costruire la Bellezza in Italia (1922–2018)’, Italian Studies, 73(4), pp. 432–460.

Goffman, E. (1963) Stigma: notes on the management of spoiled identity. Englewood: Prentice-Hall.

Goalwin, G. (2013) ‘The Art of War: Instability, Insecurity, and Ideological Imagery in Northern Ireland's Political Murals, 1979–1998’, International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, 26(3), pp. 189–215.

Grossi, G. (2021) ‘Prefazione. Il fantasma della visual culture’, in Mirzoeff, N. (ed.) Introduzione alla cultura visuale. Milano: Meltemi, pp. 9–19.

Hall, S. (2013) ‘The Spectacle of the Other’, in Hall, S., Evans, J. and Nixon, S. (eds) Representation: cultural representations and signifying practices. London: SAGE, pp. 226–283.

Harms, E. (2012) ‘Beauty as control in the new Saigon: eviction, new urban zones, and atomized dissent in a Southeast Asian city’, American Ethnologist, 39(4), pp. 735–750.

Harvey, D. (1989) ‘From Managerialism to Entrepreneurialism: The Transformation in Urban Governance in Late Capitalism’, Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography, 71(1), pp. 3–17.

Harvey, D. (2001) Spaces of Capital: Toward a Critical Geography. London: Routledge.

Herzfeld, M. (2017) ‘The blight of beautification: Bangkok and the pursuit of classbased urban purity’, Journal of Urban Design, 22(3), pp. 291–307.

Levine-Rasky, C. (2013) Whiteness fractured. Farnham: Ashgate.

Lindner, C. and Sandoval G. F.(2021) ‘Introduction: Aesthetics of Gentrification’, in: Lindner, C. and Sandoval G. F. (eds) (2021) Aesthetics of Gentrification. Seductive Spaces and Exclusive Communities in the Neoliberal City. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Presss, pp. 9–24.

Lombardi-Diop, C. and Giuliani, G. (2013) Bianco e Nero. Storia dell’identità razziale degli italiani. Firenze: Le Monnier.

Mellino, M. (2015) ‘Introduzione. Per una teoria complessa del razzismo e delle società razzialmente strutturate: cultura, razza e potere secondo Stuart Hall’, in Hall, S. (2015) Cultura, razza, potere. Verona: Ombre corte, pp. 7–24.

Mirzoeff, N. (2009) An Introduction to Visual Culture. London and New York: Routledge.

Nayak, A. (2007) ‘Critical Whiteness Studies’, Sociology Compass, 1(2), pp. 737–755.

Palmi, T. (ed.) (2020) Decolonizzare l’antirazzismo. Per una critica della cattiva coscienza bianca. Roma: Derive Approdi.

Petrillo, A. (2018) La periferia nuova. Disuguaglianza, spazi, città. Milano: FrancoAngeli.

Pitch, T. (2013) Contro il decoro. L’uso politico della pubblica decenza. Bari: Laterza editori.

Rancière, J. (2006) The politics of aesthetics. London: Continuum.

Ribeiro Corossacz, V. (2015) Bianchezza e mascolinità in Brasile. Etnografia di un soggetto dominante. Milano: Mimesis.

Rossi, U. and Vanolo, A. (2010) Geografia politica urbana. Bari: Laterza.

Sassen, S. (2014) Expulsion. Brutality and Complexity in the Global Economy. Harvard: Harvard University Press.

Scacchi, A. (2017) ‘Vedere la razza / fare la razza’, in Bordin, E. and Bosco, S. (eds) (2017) A fior di pelle. Bianchezza, nerezza, visualità. Verona: Ombre Corte.

Semi, G. (2015) Gentrification. Tutte le città come Disneyland? Bologna: Il Mulino. Semi, G. (2018) ‘Inventare il passato, estrarre bellezza. Per una critica all'estetica dell'urbano’, in Laboratorio Crash (ed.) (2018) Il campo di battaglia urbano. Trasformazioni e conflitti dentro, contro e oltre la metropoli. Roma: Red Star Press, pp. 88–92.

Semi, G. (2020) ‘La città dello spazio pubblico è morta?’, Polis, 2, Bologna: il Mulino, pp. 215–224.

Smith, N. (1996) The new urban frontier. Gentrification and the revanchist city. London and New York: Routledge.

Stavrides, S. (2016) Common Space: the city as common. London: Zed Book.

Tonnelat, S. (2008) ‘Out of Frame. The (in)visible life of urban interstices – A case study in Charenton-le-Pont, Paris, France’, SAGE Publication, 9(3), pp. 291–324.

Wacquant, L. (2007) ‘Territorial Stigmatization in The Age of Advanced Marginality’, Thesis Eleven, 91, pp. 66–77.

Wacquant, L. (2008) Urban Outcasts. A comparative sociology of advanced marginality. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Walton, E. (2018) ‘Habits of Whiteness: How Racial Domination Persists in Multiethnic Neighborhoods’, Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 7(1), pp.1–15.

Zukin, S. (1995) The Cultures of Cities. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10498887

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

           

 

ESPES. The Slovak Journal of Aesthetics (ISSN 1339-1119) is published biannually by University of Presov, Slovakia and the Society for Aesthetics in Slovakia. Registration number of the journal in the Register of Periodical Publications of the Ministry of Culture of the Slovak Republic: EV173/23/EPP.

   This journal is open access and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.